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Central Asia

Kazakhstan

Discover the enchanting expanse of Kazakhstan, where the vast steppes meet the majestic Altai Mountains, offering a stunning backdrop for your next adventure. This hidden gem in Central Asia is rich in history and culture, inviting you to explore its bustling cities like Almaty and Nur-Sultan, where modernity harmoniously blends with ancient traditions. Immerse yourself in the warm hospitality of the Kazakh people, savor delicious local dishes like beshbarmak, and partake in the vibrant festivities that celebrate its diverse heritage. Whether you seek the thrill of outdoor adventures, delve into the unique nomadic lifestyle, or explore the serene beauty of its national parks, Kazakhstan promises an unforgettable journey that will ignite your wanderlust and leave you yearning for more.

Big Almaty Lake is a natural alpine reservoir located in the Trans-Ili Alatau Mountains, 15 km south of Almaty in Kazakhstan. The lake is 1.6 km in length, up to 1 km in width, and between 30-40 m deep. The lake flows into the Big Almaty River and is part of the Ile-Alatau National Park. Depending on the time of the year, the color of the lake changes from light green to turquoise blue. The lake is the main water source for the residents of Almaty
Khan Shatyr (Royal Marquee) is a transparent tent located in the capital city of Astana. Designed in a neofuturist style, the architectural project was constructed between 2006 and 2010. The 90 m (300 ft) high tent covers 140,000 sq m (14 ha; 35 acres). Beneath the canopy, which covers an area larger than 10 football stadiums, is an urban-scale park, a shopping and entertainment venue with squares and cobbled streets, a boating river, a shopping center, a mini-golf center, and an indoor beach resort. The transparent material allows sunlight into the area, moderating its temperature year round
The Hazrat Sultan (Holy Sultan) Mosque in Astana is the largest mosque in Central Asia. Built on the bank of the Esil River, the building was constructed between 2009 and 2012 in the classic Islamic style using traditional Kazakh ornaments. At 110,000 sq m (11 hectares; 27 acres), the mosque can accommodate up to ten thousand worshipers
Kazakhstan: a gold sun with 32 rays above a soaring golden steppe eagle, both centered on a sky blue background; the hoist side displays a national ornamental pattern "koshkar-muiz" (the horns of the ram) in gold; the blue color is of religious significance to the Turkic peoples of the country, and so symbolizes cultural and ethnic unity; it also represents the endless sky as well as water; the sun, a source of life and energy, exemplifies wealth and plenitude; the sun's rays are shaped like grain, which is the basis of abundance and prosperity; the eagle has appeared on the flags of Kazakh tribes for centuries and represents freedom, power, and the flight to the future<br />
Kazakhstan: Central Asia, northwest of China; a small portion west of the Ural (Oral) River in easternmost Europe
Kazakhstan: Kazakhstan map showing major cities as well as parts of surrounding countries and the Caspian Sea.

Comprehensive Travel Guide to Kazakhstan

Kazakhstan, the world’s largest landlocked country and the ninth-largest by land area, offers a diverse range of experiences from its vast steppes and high-altitude mountains to bustling cities like Almaty and Nur-Sultan (formerly Astana). Known for its rich cultural heritage and modern attractions, Kazakhstan is a land of adventure, history, and natural beauty.

General Information

  • Capital: Nur-Sultan (formerly Astana)
  • Largest City: Almaty
  • Population: 20,260,006
  • Currency: Kazakhstani Tenge (KZT)
  • Time Zone: UTC +5 to +6
  • Official Language: Kazakh (Kazakhstani), Russian is widely spoken
  • Dialing Code: +7
  • Driving Side: Right

Language and Communication

  • Official Language: Kazakh
  • Widely Spoken: Russian, especially in urban areas.
  • Helpful Phrases:
    • Hello: Salemetsiz be!
    • Thank you: Rakhmet!
    • How are you?: Qalaysyz?
    • Goodbye: Sau bol!

Emergency Numbers

  • Police: 102
  • Fire: 101
  • Ambulance: 103
  • Mobile phones:  112

Currency and Money

  • Currency: Kazakhstani Tenge (KZT)
  • ATMs: Available in major cities like Almaty, Nur-Sultan, and smaller towns.
  • Credit Cards: Accepted in larger hotels, restaurants, and shopping centers.
  • Currency Exchange: Available at banks, exchange offices, and hotels.

Electricity and Plugs

  • Voltage: 220 V
  • Frequency: 50 Hz
  • Plug Types: Type C, F, and I (European-style and Australian plugs)
  • Adapter Needed: Yes, for travelers from countries using different plug types.

Safety and Health

Safety

  • General Safety: Kazakhstan is generally considered a safe country for tourists. However, avoid isolated areas at night and be cautious in rural regions.
  • Travel Advisory: Always check the latest safety advice from local authorities and embassy websites before traveling.

Health

  • Vaccinations: Routine vaccinations, plus Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, and Typhoid are recommended.
  • Healthcare: Healthcare in major cities is adequate, but rural areas may have limited medical facilities. Travel insurance is highly recommended.
  • Water Safety: Tap water is not always safe to drink in rural areas. Bottled water is advisable.

Transportation

Public Transport

  • Buses: Kazakhstan has a reliable network of buses and minibuses (marshrutkas), especially in cities like Almaty and Nur-Sultan.
  • Trains: The rail network is extensive, with modern trains connecting major cities and towns.
  • Taxis: Available, and Uber operates in larger cities like Almaty. Always agree on a fare in advance or use a metered taxi.

Driving

  • Car Rentals: Available in major cities, but driving in rural areas may be challenging due to poor road conditions. International driving permits are accepted.
  • Road Conditions: Roads in major cities are generally well-maintained, but some rural areas may have rough, unpaved roads.

Top Attractions and Activities

Almaty

  • Medeu Skating Rink: The world’s highest-altitude ice rink, perfect for winter sports enthusiasts.
  • Shymbulak Ski Resort: One of Kazakhstan’s most famous ski resorts, located in the nearby Zailiyskiy Alatau mountains.
  • Kok-Tobe Hill: Offering panoramic views of the city and a popular spot for cable car rides, shopping, and restaurants.
  • Green Bazaar: A traditional market offering local produce, spices, and souvenirs.

Nur-Sultan (Astana)

  • Bayterek Tower: The iconic symbol of Nur-Sultan, offering views of the entire city from the observation deck.
  • Palace of Peace and Reconciliation: A stunning pyramid-shaped building, which houses the world’s largest library of world religions.
  • Khan Shatyr Entertainment Center: A massive transparent tent that houses shopping, dining, and entertainment options.
  • Nur-Astana Mosque: One of the largest mosques in Central Asia, known for its modern architecture and grand size.

Charyn Canyon

  • Charyn Canyon: Often referred to as the “Grand Canyon of Kazakhstan,” this stunning natural formation is located in the southeastern part of the country and offers a variety of hiking and photography opportunities.

The Altai Mountains

  • Altai National Park: A UNESCO-listed site with scenic views, hiking, and wildlife spotting. The Altai Mountains are a haven for nature lovers and adventure enthusiasts.

Lake Balkhash

  • Lake Balkhash: One of the largest lakes in Kazakhstan, offering beautiful beaches, water sports, and opportunities for relaxation.

Mausoleums and Historical Sites

  • Mausoleum of Khoja Ahmed Yasawi: A UNESCO World Heritage Site, this mausoleum is located in Turkistan and is an important religious and cultural site in Kazakhstan.
  • Tamerlane’s Tomb: Located in Shymkent, this historic tomb is dedicated to the famous conqueror, Tamerlane.

Food and Cuisine

Traditional Dishes

  • Beshbarmak: The national dish, consisting of boiled meat (usually lamb or beef) served with pasta and onions.
  • Kuyrdak: A dish made from fried offal, usually served with potatoes and onions.
  • Shashlik: Skewered and grilled meat, often served with vegetables and flatbread.
  • Plov: A rice-based dish with meat, carrots, and spices, similar to pilaf.
  • Baursaks: Deep-fried dough balls, often served with tea.

Drinks

  • Kumis: A traditional drink made from fermented mare’s milk, known for its slightly sour taste.
  • Chai (Tea): Tea is commonly served in Kazakhstan, and green tea is particularly popular.

Dining Tips

  • Hospitality: Kazakhs are known for their warmth and hospitality. It is common to be invited for tea or a meal, and it’s polite to accept.
  • Tipping: Tipping is not mandatory, but it’s appreciated in restaurants (10-15% of the bill).

Festivals and Events

  • Nauryz (March 21): The Kazakh New Year, celebrated with music, dancing, and feasts.
  • Republic Day (December 16): Celebrates Kazakhstan’s independence with parades, concerts, and cultural events.
  • Kazakh Film Festival: A celebration of local and international cinema, held annually in Almaty.

Suggested Itineraries

5-Day Itinerary

  • Day 1: Explore Almaty, visit the Green Bazaar, Medeu Ice Rink, and Kok-Tobe Hill.
  • Day 2: Day trip to Shymbulak Ski Resort or the Big Almaty Lake.
  • Day 3: Travel to Nur-Sultan, visit Bayterek Tower and Khan Shatyr.
  • Day 4: Visit the Mausoleum of Khoja Ahmed Yasawi in Turkistan.
  • Day 5: Explore Charyn Canyon or Lake Balkhash for outdoor adventures.

7-Day Itinerary

  • Day 1-2: Discover Almaty, including Medeu, Kok-Tobe, and the Green Bazaar.
  • Day 3-4: Explore Nur-Sultan and visit its unique modern landmarks.
  • Day 5: Take a day trip to Charyn Canyon or Lake Balkhash.
  • Day 6: Visit the Mausoleum of Khoja Ahmed Yasawi and other historical sites in Turkistan.
  • Day 7: Explore the Altai Mountains or relax at Lake Balkhash.

Best Time to Visit

  • Spring (April-June): Pleasant weather for outdoor activities and sightseeing.
  • Summer (June-August): Ideal for exploring the cities and visiting the mountains or lakes.
  • Autumn (September-November): Great for hiking and witnessing the changing foliage in the countryside.
  • Winter (December-February): Skiing in the Zailiyskiy Alatau mountains or enjoying winter sports in Almaty.

Connectivity

  • Wi-Fi: Widely available in urban areas, including hotels and cafes.
  • SIM Cards: Purchase local SIM cards from providers like Kcell or Beeline for mobile data.

Conclusion

Kazakhstan is a land of vast landscapes, rich history, and diverse cultural experiences. Whether you’re exploring the cosmopolitan cities of Almaty and Nur-Sultan, venturing into the wilderness of Charyn Canyon and the Altai Mountains, or immersing yourself in the traditions and warmth of Kazakh culture, this country offers a unique travel experience.

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