Comprehensive Travel Guide to Afghanistan

General Information

• Capital City: Kabul
• Population: 40,121,552
• Currency: Afghan Afghani (AFN)
• Time Zone: Afghanistan Time (AFT), UTC+4:30
• Official Languages: Pashto and Dari (Persian)
• Dialing Code: +93
• Driving Side: Right

Afghanistan, located at the crossroads of Central and South Asia, is a country with a rich history and diverse cultural heritage. Known for its stunning mountain ranges, ancient cities, and warm hospitality, Afghanistan has been a center of trade and civilization for millennia.

Administrative divisions

34 provinces (welayat, singular – welayat); Badakhshan, Badghis, Baghlan, Balkh, Bamyan, Daykundi, Farah, Faryab, Ghazni, Ghor, Helmand, Herat, Jowzjan, Kabul, Kandahar, Kapisa, Khost, Kunar, Kunduz, Laghman, Logar, Nangarhar, Nimroz, Nuristan, Paktika, Paktiya, Panjshir, Parwan, Samangan, Sar-e Pul, Takhar, Uruzgan, Wardak, Zabul

Language and Communication

• Primary Languages: Pashto and Dari (Persian) are the official languages.
• English Proficiency: Limited, though some urban areas and business sectors have English speakers.
• Helpful Phrases:
  • Hello: “Salam” (Pashto/Dari)
  • Thank you: “Tashakor” (Dari) / “Manana” (Pashto)
  • How are you?: “Chetor hasti?” (Dari) / “Sanga yee?” (Pashto)
  • Goodbye: “Khuda Hafiz”

Learning basic phrases in Dari or Pashto can help build rapport with locals.

Emergency Numbers

• Police: 119
• Ambulance: 112
• Fire Services: 119

Currency and Money

• Currency Used: Afghan Afghani (AFN)
• Credit Cards: Rarely accepted; carry cash for most transactions.
• ATMs: Limited to major cities like Kabul, though they may not always be functional.
• Currency Exchange: Available at airports and urban centers.

It’s advisable to carry small denominations of cash for easier transactions.

Electricity and Plugs

• Voltage: 220 V
• Frequency: 50 Hz
• Plug Types: Type C and F
• Adapter Needed: Yes, if your country uses a different plug type.
• 

Safety and Health

Safety

• Security Concerns: Afghanistan remains a high-risk destination due to ongoing political instability and conflict. Travel is strongly discouraged unless absolutely necessary.
• Restricted Areas: Many regions, including rural and border areas, are unsafe for travel.
• Local Guidance: Always consult local authorities or embassies for the latest travel advisories.

Health

• Healthcare: Basic healthcare facilities are limited; seek medical attention in larger cities like Kabul.
• Vaccinations: Recommended vaccinations include Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Typhoid, and Rabies. Yellow Fever vaccination is required if coming from an endemic area.
• Water: Drink only bottled or boiled water; avoid tap water.

Travel insurance with evacuation coverage is essential.

Transportation

• Domestic Flights: Limited options connecting Kabul with major cities like Herat, Mazar-i-Sharif, and Kandahar.
• Roads: Roads are often in poor condition, and traveling by land may not be safe.
• Public Transport: Shared taxis and minibuses are common but may not be safe or comfortable.
• Private Transport: Hiring a local driver is recommended for safe travel within cities.

Activities and Attractions

Cultural and Historical Sites

• Bamiyan Valley: Known for the Buddha niches and stunning mountain landscapes.
• Herat: Explore the Herat Citadel and the Great Mosque, a masterpiece of Islamic architecture.
• Mazar-i-Sharif: Famous for the Blue Mosque, an important religious and cultural landmark.
• Kabul Museum: Showcases artifacts from Afghanistan’s rich history.

Natural Wonders

• Band-e-Amir National Park: Afghanistan’s first national park, featuring stunning blue lakes surrounded by rugged cliffs.
• Hindu Kush Mountains: Offers breathtaking views and opportunities for trekking in safer areas.
• Panjshir Valley: Known for its picturesque scenery and historical significance.

Food and Cuisine

Traditional Dishes

• Kabuli Pulao: A rice dish with lamb, raisins, and carrots.
• Mantu: Steamed dumplings filled with spiced meat and topped with yogurt.
• Ashak: Dumplings filled with leeks and served with tomato sauce.
• Kebab: Grilled meat skewers, often served with naan bread.
• Bolani: Stuffed flatbread with potato, spinach, or pumpkin fillings.

Dining Tips

• Hospitality is a significant part of Afghan culture; meals are often shared communally.
• Avoid eating with your left hand, as it is considered impolite.
• Alcohol is prohibited in most places.

Shopping and Souvenirs

• Carpets and Rugs: Handwoven Afghan carpets are renowned worldwide.
• Lapis Lazuli: Semi-precious stones used in jewelry and decorations.
• Traditional Clothing: Embroidered garments like chapan and pattu.
• Copperware: Handmade pots, pans, and decorative items.

Markets in Kabul and Herat offer a wide range of local handicrafts and souvenirs.

Festivals and Events

• Nowruz (March): Persian New Year celebrated with food, music, and community gatherings.
• Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha: Major Islamic holidays marked by prayer, feasts, and family visits.
• Independence Day (August 19): Celebrates Afghanistan’s independence from British influence in 1919.

Suggested Itineraries

3-Day Itinerary

Day 1: Explore Kabul’s historical sites, including Babur’s Gardens and the National Museum.
Day 2: Visit the Panjshir Valley for scenic views and a cultural experience.
Day 3: Travel to the Bamiyan Valley to see the Buddha niches and surrounding landscapes.

7-Day Itinerary

Day 1-2: Discover Kabul and its cultural landmarks.
Day 3-4: Visit Herat for its citadel and Great Mosque.
Day 5: Explore Mazar-i-Sharif and the Blue Mosque.
Day 6-7: Spend time in Band-e-Amir National Park and the Bamiyan Valley.

Best Time to Visit

• Spring (March-May): Pleasant weather and blooming landscapes.
• Autumn (September-November): Cooler temperatures and clear skies.
• Avoid Summer and Winter: Summers can be scorching, and winters in the mountains are harsh.

Connectivity

• Wi-Fi: Limited availability in urban centers and hotels.
• SIM Cards: Purchase from local providers like Roshan or MTN for mobile data.
• Apps to Download:
  • Google Translate
  • Maps.me (offline maps)
  • Local news apps for real-time updates

Conclusion

Afghanistan’s allure lies in its profound history, diverse culture, and breathtaking landscapes. While it remains a challenging destination due to security concerns, for those who venture, it offers a deeply enriching experience. From the majestic Hindu Kush mountains to ancient cities like Herat and Mazar-i-Sharif, Afghanistan is a land of untapped beauty and heritage.